Aeroplane.



C. RIELY.

AEROPLAN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 1915. IIENEWED IAN. 13.1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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glmualulofc Witwe/oe C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION 111150 MAY22,1915. RENEwED JAN. 13,1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. |915. RENEWED IAN. 13.1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION man mlm/22,1915. RENEWED JAN, 13.1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. I9I5. IIEIIEwEo IAII. I3, 191s.

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AEROPLANE.

APPucATloN FILED MAY22,1915. aENEwEn JAN. 13,1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916 'll SHEETS-SHEET 6- C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION m50 MAY 22. |915. RENEwED JAN. 13. ma.

Patented. Oct. 24, 1916.

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C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICAUQN 111.51) 111111122. 1915. RENEwED JAN. 13.1916.

ljl l Patented Oct. 24,1916.

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C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 1915. RENEWED IAN. I3. I9I6.

l QQQ I, Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

Il SHEETS-SHEET 9- C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 22. 191s. RENEwED JAN. 13,1916.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

Il SHEETS-SHEET 10.

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C. RIELY.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY z2, |915. RENEWED JAN. 13.1916'.

Patented Oct. 24, 1916.

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COMPTON RIELY, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

AEROPLANE Application led May 22, 1915, Serial No. 29,863.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that I, COMPTON RIELY, a citizen of the United States,residing at Baltimore, in the State of Maryland, have invented certainnew and 'useful Improvements in Aeroplanes; and I do hereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in aeroplanes, and especially tothat type known as monoplanes in which the wings and tail substantiallyresemble those of a bird.

The invention is intended to be applied to v machines which start eitherfrom the water or from the land, or which alight either' upon-the wateror the land; and I have shown it supported by a boat provided withdisappearing wheels, withmeans for mov-- ing these wheels outward whenit is desired to use the machine for land purposes, or they may be swunginward when in flight, so as to decrease the resistance, or when itisdesired to light on shallow water, or to rise from the water.

According to my invention I form the two wing members each of twoseparate and independently-movable sections, and I construct the tail ofthree sections, each independently movable; and these various parts arefirmly braced and are connected to certain pivot centers which arecarried by the main framework of the machine; the idea being toaccomplish, as far as practicable, by mechanical results, the naturalmovements ofa bird in flight.

The movement of the various wing sections, and of the tail sections, andalso the swinging in and out of the supporting wheels` may all beaccomplished from the.

' cock pit of the boat, or other .suitable position on the platform. y

My invention. will be better understood Specification of Letters Patent.

` after reference to the accompanying drawings, in which similar partsare indicated by similar reference symbols throughout the several views.

Figure 1 is a plan view of the complete device, with the wing segmentsslightlyoverlapping; Fig. 2 is a top plan view showing one of the wingsin a slightly different position from that shown in Fig. 1, parts beingbroken away for the sake of clearness in the l drawings; Fig. 3 is adiagrammatic view Patented Oct. 241, 1916.. Renewed January 13, 1916.Serial No. 71,997.

' 4 for the sake of clearness in the drawings;

Fig. 5 is a diagram showing one of the wings in still another position;part of the bracing and of the framework being omitted for the sake ofclearness in the drawings, the wing surfaces being shown as plane, andthe corrugations being omitted; Fig. 6 is a front view of the parts ofFig. 5, the wing surfaces and the boat being shown in dotted lines; Fig.7 shows a section along the line 7 7 of Fig. 6, the tail being showninclined upward, and shows the parts in the sameposition as in Figs. 5and G; Fig. 8 is a plan view of one of the wing segments and shows theform of the corrugations thereon; Fig. 9 shows a section along the line9 9 of Fig. 8, looking in the direction of the arrows; partstbeing shownon a larger scale; Fig. 10, shown in Sheet 2, shows a section throughthe wing along the line 10-10 of Fig. 8, and looking in the direction ofthe arrows; Figs. 11-14 represent the construction and the operation ofthe tail, parts being shown on a larger scale; and referring especiallyto each figure, Fig. 11 is a plan view showing the tail in anintermediate position from those shown'in Figs. 4: and 7; Fig. 12 is aside elevation of the tail as shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a plan viewof the tail showing it tilted and swung laterally.; Fig. 14 shows asection along the line 14.114 of Fig. 18. In these views, the tail partsare shown plane instead of corrugated, for the sake of clearness in thedrawings. Figs. 15-19 relate to the boat to which the framework of theaeroplane is attached. To describe these figures separately, Fig. 15 isa plan view of the boat as detached from the apparatus;

" Fig. 16 is a side elevation of the boat, sllowing the supportingwheels in position for ing in the direction of the arrows; thetrailwheel and its support being shown in elevation and in the loweredposition, as for. running on theground; Fig. 18 shows a trans--Vv'erse-sectionthrough the boat along the' line 18-18 of Fig. 16, withthe supporting wheels in.n position for running on the ground; and Fig.19is a detail showing the `mode in whichthe supporting wheels may befolded up into the boat when it is desired to light on the water.

,v A represents the main framework of the machine, which consistssubstantially of a main central portion A', with two lateral extensionsA2, from which lateral extensions theinner members B of the two wingsare supported, as will be hereinafter described.

The main frame has also a rearward eXten- Ision A3, to whichthe tailmembers are connected, as will behereinafter described.

l The outer wing members C are connected to the inner wing members andto the main frame by a series of trusses, as will be hereinafterdescribed; and the tail members. comprising the central tail member Dand l.the outer tail members D and D2, are conof the wing members and ofthe tail members are accomplished by suitable gearing,

and other mechanism controlled by two hand wheels E and E', which aremounted in the main frame, and which may be conttrolled together, orsingly, by the operator @as may be desired.

The main frame is mounted on any suitvable running support, such as theboat F,

'provided with the front wheels G and the rear or trail wheel G. Thewing and tail members are preferably corrugated, as

shown in Figs. 1,. 2, 8, 9 and 10, conforming :to the construction ofthe feathers of a bird,

as will be hereinafter more fully described; and the hull of the boat isalso preferably corrugated as shown, so as to secure the advantage of afin keel construction in 'entering the water at a high speed, whichwould tend to steady the boat in the water, and also secure the similar,but less marked, results on the boat when the machine is flying throughthe air. f

vI represents the propeller, shown only in Fig. 1. The motive power maybe of any suitable type, and not being a part of my invention is not.shown or described herein, such motive power being well known in theart.

yas by means of suitable bolts, but any other fastening means forsecuring the main frame to the platform may be adopted if desired.

The inner wing members B are preferably made of a corrugated plate of-thin metal, which is stiffened at the front and sides by suitable rodsI) and 7). It may also be stiffened at the back if desired, andadditional stiffening members may be .added wherever needed. This plateis corrugated in the form of V-shaped ridges, which spread out somewhatlike the folds of a fan` as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and 8 and 9, theridges being deeper at the front and terminating in the rear surface ina substantially flat portion, similar to the corrugations in the outerwing members C, as will be hereinafter more fully described.

The inner wing members B are each connected, as at l, to the rod 2 whichis provided with a ball and socket joint 3, see Figs. 2, 3 and 5, in thebearing l of the lateral .extension A2 ,of the main frame A. The innerend of this rod 2 is connected, by a ball and socket joint 5, to thecrank 6 on the shaft 7 which passes through the sleeve 7a, fast to themain frame, which shaft carries the gear 8, meshing with the worm 9 onthe shaft 1 0, driven by the beveled pin- 4ion 11 and the beveled gear12 `fast to the hand wheel 13. r

All the parts being symmetrically disposed on both sides of the device,it will only be necessary to describe one side.

The rod 2 is fastenedto the wings at 1 and 14,and serves as a brace forthe vback of same; being bent up', as at 2, see Fig. 3 where' it entersthe bearing 4, see Figs. 2 .and 5. The inner wing member B is providedon its outer edge with lugs 16 and 17, in which is journaled the bearingbar 18, to which the wing post 20 and the brace 21 therefor areconnected. This post 20 forms the axis about which the outer wing memberC rotates, and is connected to the rear' inner corner of the outer wingmember by the brace 22, and to the outer and forward corner of the wingmember C by the brace 23. The outer and inner edges of the wing member Care stifened by the tubes 25 and 26, respectively, and the braces 27 and28 form with the members 25 and 26 a frame, which is connected to themain post 20 by the braces 29 and 30; the parts 20 to 30 inclusiveforming a trussed construction by which the wing C is stiffened andsupported',

and this trussed construction is connected by a ball and socket joint 31to the truss 32, which is pivoted at 33 and 34 to the main frame, and isfree to rock through a small .angle on said frame, permitting the outerwing member to be swung outward and inward, as will be hereinafterdescribed.

l The head of the post 20 engages a sleeve 36, which is hinged, as at36h, to the truss member 37, the inner end of which truss member isconnected, as at 38, by a ball and socket joint to the main frame. Ihave shown this truss member 37 made of a series of rods 37, passingthrough andoheld apart by the disks 37"; but any suitable form of trusshaving the requisite tensile strength and sti'ness may be used ifdesired.

Thus it will be seen that the inner wing member B can be moved about apivot 4, while the outer wing member can be swung laterally about thepost 20, can be rocked about the bearing 31, 'and can be tilted from thetip inward because the head of the post 20 has a slight rocking motion,due to the hinge 36". The post 20, being hinged to the bearing bar 18,causes the wing member C to partake of an inward or outward movementwith the wing member B, so that these two members are in a measurelinked together and move together, forward or backward, causing the wingsurface to be greater when the crank 6 is thrown forward, and

less when it is thrown rearward; and the center of lifting surface ismoved forward` as the crank is thrown forward and moved rearward as thecrank is turned rearward, as

will be hereinafter'more fully described.

The tail -consists of threemembers, the central member D and the twoside members D and D2. The central member D is rigidly attached toy thetail post .40 by the bracket 41 and the braces 42, while the outer tailmembers D and D2 are pivotally connected to the tail post'40 by means ofthe brackets 43 and the braces 44. These braces 44 are furtherrconnectedwith the brackets 43 by the vertical rods 45, -provided with universaljoint bearings 46 for the eccentric rods 47 ,which engage the eccentrics48-on the shafts( 7, so that' as either shaft 7 is rotated the outertail member is swung inward or outward, and alsoltilted, as will behereinafter more fully described.

'.llhctail post 40 is fast to the yoke'50, which is carried bythe rod51, journaledvin the tail member A8 of the main frame A, so that thistail post may be rocked about the aXis of said rodv 51 as a. pivot.rllhe tail post 40 is journaled near itsfupper end inthe cross bar60,.which is hinged at each end to one of the rods 6l, which are hingedtothe rods 2, -so that each'rod 61 is moved by the corresponding cra-nk6 for thepurpose of moving/the tail post Land tail members,'as will behereinafter described., f

Y The'tail piece A of the main frame A. carries a rod 70, to which theyoke 71 ishinged, as shown most clearly in4 Figs. 13l and 14; and thisyoke is connected by the lwith the movements of the various other parts,as will be hereinafter more-fully described. V

lt will thus be seen that the central tail member swings laterally withthe tail ost,

and has a compounded tilting motio due to the movement of the rods 61-and of the yoke 73, while the outer tail members also tilt up and downwith the tail post 40, and

have a swinging movement laterally due to Y the movement of the rods 47The tail members thus partake of three movements, due to the followingagencies (1) the movement of the rods 61; (2) the movement of the yoke73; and (3) the movement of the eccentric rods 47.

lt will be noted that the rotation of the shaft 7 moves the rod 2 andswings the inner member B, thereby also swinging the outer wing member Caboutv its ost 20; and the same motion of this shaft will also move theeccentric 48 and the eccentric rods 47 swinging the outer tail memberbackward or forward, as the case may be, about the tail post 40.- rlhissame movement of the shaft 7 will also pull'on the rod 61, tending totilt the upper end of the tail post forward and to one side or theother, according to which llOO under the action of the rods, the lowerend of the tail post 40 is guided by the yokes 71 and 73, and when boththe wheels E and E are turnedl to give the same movement in lift for thewing members, allthree membersof the tail are tilted upward, as'shown inFig. 7; whereas when it is desired to decrease the lifting eect of thewings, if both the hand wheels E and E be moved through the sameanglethe three tail members. will be depressed, as shown in Fig. 4.v Anyvariations in the relative movement of the two hand wheels E and E willlcause the wing members on `the respective sides to be set at a` varyingangle of lift, and will cause the tailV izo totwist or inclinelaterally, due to the compounding of the -movememts already described. l

" llt will also be seenthatfas either one ofv the shafts 7 -is rotated,the two wing members on that side will be swung in or out,

relative .to eacli other,in'cre asing or decreaswhile the tail might bespread or contracted,

and tilted up or down, or twisted, so that these several parts have afreedom of movement generally resembling the corresponding parts of abird.

By having the wing members and tail members corrugated, as shown, theconstruction of the feathers of a bird is in ameasure imitated, and Ibelieve greater stability in Hight and lifting power are securedthereby. By having the boat corrugated, as shown, greater stability inthe water is secured, es-

pecially when moving rapidly, in either l lighting on or leaving thewater, or in skimming along the water.

In addition to the longitudinal corrugations, the boat may be providedwith secondarycorrugations transverse to the main corrugations similarto those shown on the wing surface in Fig. 8.

In order to place the w-heels in a safe and protected position, Iprovide the wheel vchambers 80 in the boat F, adapted to receive thewheels and their supporting mechanism', and the wheels are mounted onstub axles 81, which are connected to the yoke 82, and said yoke isconnected by the hinged links 83 and 84C to the post 85, secured to theboat. The

upptir link 84- is turned to the horizontal position by means of the rod86.

When in the vertical position shown in Fig. 19, we have an articulatedjoint, analo- 40 gous in its action tothe knee joint of a bird, and thewheel will be held rigidly, and yin the projected position; by simplyturning on the hand crank 86 the joint may be broken and the parts swungto the'position indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 19.

n Having thus described the details of the various parts, and thevarious movements accomplished by-the hand wheels E and E',

respectively, which movements are similar 5c on each side of'theapparatus, I will now proceed to'describe the operation of the device/asa whole.

Fig. l shows a plan view of the complete apparatus in the normal flyingposition, with both wings extended equally, and

with the tail in the position for flying straight ahead.l This would beordinarily the normal position of the parts of the apparatus when theaeroplane is flying ahead, or

e0 at rest on 'the` ground, or on the water, as

' the case may be.

' Now supposing the aeroplane to be at rest on the water, or on thelground, and it bef desired to rise, .before starting the enginev turnboth hand wheels E and E u ntil both cranks 6 project forward, as shownin Figs. 5 and 7. This will extend the two wings, as shown in Fig. 5,and at the same time will tilt the same upward, as shown in Fig. 7 andthe same movement will cause the rod 61 to pull the cross bar 60forward, tilting the tail up to the position shown in Fig. 7; now if theengine be started, the aeroplane will rise. Supposing the aeroplane tobe in the air, and it be desired to descend, turn both hand wheels E andE in the opposite direction, reversing the positions of the two cranks 6and causing the same to project to the rear, as shown in Fig. 2. Thiswill cause the outer wing members to be drawn in relatively to the innerwing members, contracting the spread of the wings, as shown in Fig.

42, and at the same time will lessen the lift of the wings, as shown inFig. 4; and simultaneously the rods 6l will push the cross bar 60backward, turning the tail down, as.

.slowly to the side having the extended wing;

or the same result may be accomplished by leaving one wing constant andcontracting the other wing, or if it is desired to turn quickly one wingmay be extended and the opposite wing contracted. In any event,the-inertia of the machine would tend to cause its center" of gravity tocontinue forward in a straight line; but the resistance of the air onthe extended wing, being greater than the resistance of the air on thecontracted 4wing, would cause this inertia to swing that side of themachine having the contracted wing through an arc whose center lies onthe side of the machine having the extended wing. This action issupplemented by the further fact that when the wing is extendedvit is ata greater angle of lift than when it is contracted; and the consequenceis that the resistance of the air on the extended wing per unit ofsurface would be greater than the resistance of the air on thecontracted wing, and thus the turning effect around the extended wingwould bc still further accentuated, as is the case with birds.

A further analogy to the action of a bird results from the action of thetail when the 'wings are moved 'as stated. When either ing surface;while when the wings are contracted and set vfor descending, the tailsurface will also be contracted and set for descending, and the totallifting surface will be decreased. Moreover when the front of both wingsis simultaneously tilted up, as in rising, the rear of the tail is alsotilted up by the action of the mechanism. as before described; also whenthe front of both of the wings is tilted down the rear of the tail isalso tilted down, as in the'operation of descending already described.rlhus, not only will the liftv angle` be increased when the wings andtail are spread, but the lifting surface will be increased, and themachine is specially adapted for rising rapidly. @n the other hand, whenthe lift angle is decreased the wings and tail are both contracted, andthe machinehas a tendency to settle while gliding downward, thusfacilitating the speed and'ease with whichthe machine lights.

The downward glide can, of course, be

checked at any time by shifting the wings and tail toward the positionfor lifting.

It will thus be seen that I provide a machine having maximum area ofsurfacefor lifting, minimum area of surface for descending, andintermediate areas of surface for the normalv operation of continuousiying.

Now for the purposes of turning, if the wing on one side be extendedthere will be an extension of that side of the tail, and a slighttilting of the tail post toward the side corresponding to the wing sospread; while if the other wing is contracted the other side of the tailwill be contracted, and

this twist of the tail will be augmented.

'Ihe result will be that the tail will supplement the turning effect ofthe out-stretched wing, causing the aeroplane to turn still faster aboutthat wing.

It will be `obvious that by manipulating one hand wheel to lift, and theother hand wheel to descend, either simultaneously or alternately, theaeroplane may be balanced in the air, or if tilted from be restored tothe level position.

I prefer to have the two hand wheels each independently operated. Thismay be done by either one or two? operators; or it might be possible toso connect .the hand wheels E and E by suitable` clutch or othermechanism that they might normally operate toconditions'of flying,

gether underl ordinary and may be each independently controlled ifdesired.

It will thus be seen that I provide an aeroplane in which the -wings maybe each independently extended or contracted, or tilted up or downasfmay be desired, and in which the tail may be tilted up or down,extended or contracted, or -twisted in either direction as may bedesired, following the any Acause may Y movements of a bird in soaring,the result being that the aeroplane may be caused to fly straight ahead,to rise or descend, to circle in either direction, or to be balanced tomeet abnormal atmospheric or other conditions.

The corrugated surface of the wings and tail, I believe, will givebetter lifting eifect and will also tend to assist in the directiveeffect in the air of the machine, and in a measure compensate forerratic movement in steadying the same. It will be obvious, however,that the wing and tail surfaces may be i made arched or plane, or of anydesired shape, without 'affecting certain fundamental principles of themechanism herein-- before described.

`While I have shown the framing and bracing as of light skeleton tubularstructure, any suitable form, or arrangement, of framework and bracingfor `the several parts may be adopted, and I do not mean to limit myselfto details of construction except as specified in the claims.

It will be obvious that various modifications might be madein the hereindescribed apparatus, and in the construction, combination andarrangement of parts which could be used without departing from thespirit of my invention.

Having thus described'my invention what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent of the United States is z-f v l. In an aeroplane thecombination with an extensible wing, of means for extending said wingand simultaneously increasing the lift angle of all portions of thewing, and for contracting said wing and simultaneously decreasing thelift angle of all portions of the wing, substantially as described.

2. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, lof a handwheel and mechanism operated jthereby for extending said wing andsimultaneously increasing the` lift angle of all portions of the wing,and for contracting said wing and simultaneously decreasing the liftangle of all portions of the wing, substantially as described.

'3. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings, ofmeans for independently extending each 'wing and contracting same, andfor simultaneously alter- A ing the lift angle of said wing, and acollaping the lift angleof said wing, said means comprisinghand wheelsand mechanisrnoperated thereby for extending and lcontracting i saidwings, and for tilting same, and a coll tively movable wing members, ofmeans for simultaneously extending said wing members and simultaneouslyincreasing the lift angle of each, and for simultaneously contractingsaid wing members and simultaneously decreasing the lift angle,substantially as described.

6. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, composed oftwo relatively movable wing members, of a hand wheel and mechanismoperated thereby for simultaneously extending said wing members andsimultaneously increasing the lift angle of each, and for simultaneouslycontracting said wing members and simultaneously decreasing the liftangle of each, substantially as described.l

7 In an aeroplane the combination with 4an extensible wing, composed oftwo relatively movable wing members, of a hand -wheel and mechanismoperated thereby for extending said wing members and simultaneouslyincreasing the lift angle, and for contracting said wing members andsimultaneously decreasing the lift angle, substantially as described.

8. In an aeroplane the combination with a lpair of extensible wings,each composed of two relatively-movable wing members, of means forindependently extending each wing and contracting same, and forsimultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, and a collapsibletail composed .of a plurality of members, with means automaticallycontrolled by the operation of said wings forspreading or contracting,or raisingor lowering, or twisting said tail, substantially asdescribed. v

9. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings, eachcomposed of two relatively movable wing members, ofv

means for independently extending each wing and contracting same, andfor simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said meanscomprising hand wheels and mechanism operated thereby for extending andcontracting said wings, and for tilting same, and a collapsible tailcomposed of a plurality of members, with means automatically controlledby said hand wheels incldent to the controllingof said wings, 'forspreading or contracting, raising or lowerlng, or twisting said tail,substantially as described.

10. In anI aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings andan extensible each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneouslyaltering the lift angle of said wing, said means also controlling themovements of said tail, substantially as described.

11. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings andan extensible tail, of means for independently extending each wing andcontracting same, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of saidwing, said means also controlling the movements of said tail, and said-means comprising a hand wheel for each wing, and mechanism connectingsaid hand wheels to said wings and tail, and controlling the same,substantially as described.

12. In an aeroplane the combination with an -extensible wing, composedof twp relatively movable wing members, and a tail composed of a centralmember and two laterally movable side members, of means forsimultaneously extending said wing members and said tail members andsimultaneously increasing the lift angle of said wing members, and forsimultaneously contracting said wing members and saidv tail members andsimultaneously decreasing the lift angle of said wing members,substantially as described.

13. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, composed oftwo relatively movable wing members, and a tail composed of acentral'member and two laterally movable side members, of hand wheels,with mechanism controlled thereby for simultaneously extending said wingmembers and said tail members and simultaneously increasing theliftangle of said wing members, and for simultaneously contracting saidwing members and said tail members and simultaneously decreasing thelift angle of said wing members, substantially as described.

A14. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings,-and a tail composed of a central member and two laterally movable sidemembers, of means for independently extending each wing and contractingsame, and for simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, saidmeans also automatically rcontrolling the corresponding tail membersincident to the movement of the wings, substantially as described.

15. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings',each composed of a pair of wing members movably connected to the mainframe of the machine and to each other, and a tail composed of a centralmember and two laterally movable side members, of means forindependently extending each wing and contracting same, and forsimultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said means alsoautonatically controlling the corresponding tail members incident to themovement of the wings, substantially as described.

16. ln an aeroplane the combination with a main frame and a pair ofextensible wings, each composed of two relatively movable wing members,movably connected to said main frame and to each other, of means forindependently extending each wing and contracting same, and forsimultaneously increasing the vlift angle of all portions of said wingwhen it is extended, said means comprising hand wheels and mechanismoperated thereby for extending and constructing said wings, and fortilting same, substantially as described. A

17. ln an aeroplane the combination with a pair Iof extensible wings, ofmeans for independently extending each wing and contracting same,altering the lift angle of said wing, and a collapsible tail composedof. a plurality of members, with means automatically controlled by theoperation of said wings for spreading or contracting, or raisingorlowering, or twisting said tail, substantially as described.

18. In an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wings, ofmeans for independently extending each wing and contracting same, andfor simultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, said meanscomprising hand wheels and mechanism operated thereby for extending andcontracting said wings, and for tilting same, and a collapsible tailcomposed of a plurality of members,1with means automatically controlledby said hand Wheels incident to the controlling of said wings, forspreading or contracting, raising or lowering, or twisting said tail,substantially as described.

19. Anaeroplane having its lifting surfaces in the form of ll-shapedcorrugations, flattening outward toward the rear, substantially asdescribed.

20. An aeroplane having its wings provided With lifting surfaces in theform of V- shaped corrugations, flattening outward toward the rear,substantially as described.

21. An aeroplane having its tail provided with lifting surfaces in theform of ll-shaped corrugations, flattening outward toward the rear,substantially as. described.

22. In an aeroplane the combination with an extensible wing, comprisingan inner and an outer wing member, of means for extendand forsimultaneously ing said wing and simultaneously increasing the liftangle, and for contracting said wing and simultaneously decreasing thelift anglekand also tilting the tip of the outer wing `member about thelongitudinal axis of the wing, substantially vas described.

23;- ln an aeroplane the combination with 60 an extensible wing,comprising an inner and an outer wing member, of a hand wheel andmechanism operated thereby for extending said wing and simultaneouslyincreasing the lift angle, and for contracting said wing andsimultaneously decreasing the lift angle, and also 'tilting the tip ofthe outer' wing member about the longitudinal axis of the wing,substantially as described.

24;. In an aeroplane the combination with 70 a pair `of extensible wingseach comprising inner and an outer wing member, of means forindependently extending each wing and contracting same, and forsimultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, and also tiltingthe tip of the outer wing member about the longitudinal axis of thewing-substantially as described.

25. lin an aeroplane the combination with a pair of extensible wingseach comprising an inner and an outer wing member,'of means `forindependently extending each wing and contracting same, and forsimultaneously altering the lift angle of said wing, and also tiltingthe tip of the outer wing member about the longitudinal axis of thewing, said means comprising hand wheels and mechanismv operated therebyfor extending and contracting said wings, and for tilting same,substantially as described.

26. ln an aeroplane the combination witha pair of extensible win-gs eachcomprising an inner and an outer wing member, of means for independentlyextending each wing and contracting same, and for simultaneouslyaltering the lift angle of said wing, and also tilting the tip of theouter wing member about the longitudinal axis of the wing, and acollapsible tail composed of a plurality of members, with means 101iautomatically controlled when said wings are extended or contracted forraising or lowering, or twisting said tail, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof lllallix my signature. 10|'.-

CUMPTON RIELY.

